The history of the development of eyeliner

The history of eyeliner dates back thousands of years, with its origins tracing to ancient civilizations across different regions of the world. Here's a brief overview of the development of eyeliner throughout history:

Ancient Egypt:

One of the earliest known uses of eyeliner can be traced to ancient Egypt around 10,000 BCE. Both men and women in Egyptian society applied eyeliner for cosmetic and religious purposes. They used a black pigment called kohl, which was made from a mixture of lead, copper, and other minerals. The kohl was applied to the eyes using a thin rod or a small stick, creating a distinctive almond-shaped outline.

Ancient Mesopotamia:

In ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), eyeliner was also commonly used. The people of Mesopotamia used a substance called surma, similar to kohl, to line their eyes. It was made from powdered antimony or other minerals and applied with a thin wand.

Ancient India:

In ancient India, the use of eyeliner was prevalent as part of traditional Ayurvedic beauty practices. Women applied kajal, a mixture of soot and ghee (clarified butter), to line their eyes. The kajal was believed to have medicinal properties and was used to protect the eyes from infections and evil spirits.

Ancient China:

In ancient China, both men and women used eyeliner for cosmetic purposes. They applied a mixture of soot and water, or sometimes a mixture of crushed ink and water, to line their eyes. The eyeliner was applied using a brush or a small stick.

Ancient Greece and Rome:

In ancient Greece and Rome, eyeliner was primarily used by women to enhance their beauty. They used various substances, including soot, charcoal, and powdered minerals, to line their eyes. The application technique involved using a small brush or a stick.

Middle Ages and Renaissance:

During the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods, the use of eyeliner declined in Europe. Pale skin and a natural look were considered more desirable, and heavy makeup, including eyeliner, was associated with promiscuity or witchcraft.

Modern Era:

Eyeliner made a resurgence in popularity during the 20th century. In the early 1900s, women started using pencil eyeliners, which were easier to apply and offered more control. Liquid eyeliners came into fashion later, offering a more precise and defined line. In recent years, gel and pen eyeliners have also become popular options, offering a range of finishes and application techniques.

Today, eyeliner is an essential part of many makeup routines worldwide. It is available in various formulations, colors, and finishes, allowing individuals to express their creativity and enhance the beauty of their eyes.