What is the difference between CNC router and laser cutter?

CNC routers and laser cutters are both computer-controlled machines used in manufacturing and fabrication processes, but they utilize different technologies and methods to achieve cutting or carving of materials. Here are the key differences between CNC routers and laser cutters:

### CNC Router:

1. Cutting Method: CNC (Computer Numerical Control) routers use rotating cutting tools, such as a router bit or end mill, to carve or cut through materials. These cutting tools remove material through physical contact, similar to a drill bit.

2. Material Compatibility: CNC routers can work with a wide range of materials, including wood, plastic, foam, composites, and softer metals. They are versatile and suitable for various applications in woodworking, signage, prototyping, and cabinetry.

3. Precision and Depth: Routers offer good precision and can achieve intricate designs and fine details in materials. They can also cut to various depths, allowing for 3D carving and milling operations.

4. Noise and Dust: CNC routers can produce noise and generate dust or debris, especially when cutting materials, which might require appropriate ventilation and dust collection systems.

### Laser Cutter:

1. Cutting Method: Laser cutters use a high-powered laser beam to melt, burn, or vaporize materials along a predefined path. They do not make physical contact with the material but cut through it using heat from the laser.

2. Material Compatibility: Laser cutters are suitable for cutting a wide range of materials, including wood, acrylic, plastic, fabric, leather, paper, and some metals. They are commonly used for precise and intricate cutting in industries such as signage, jewelry making, and model building.

3. Precision and Speed: Laser cutters offer high precision, allowing for intricate designs and fine details. They can also work at high speeds, making them efficient for cutting thin materials.

4. Heat and Fumes: Laser cutting generates heat and fumes, particularly when working with certain materials like plastics or metals. Adequate ventilation and proper safety measures are necessary to manage fumes and prevent potential hazards.

### Summary:

- CNC routers use physical cutting tools and are versatile for cutting various materials with good precision and depth. They're ideal for woodwork, milling, and carving.

- Laser cutters utilize a high-powered laser beam for precise, fast, and intricate cutting without physical contact. They work well with a variety of materials and are suitable for detailed designs.

Both CNC routers and laser cutters have their distinct advantages and applications, and the choice between them often depends on the specific requirements of the project, material type, desired precision, and efficiency.